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Activated charcoal is an effective treatment in cases of poisoning because it works by adsorbing (not neutralizing) toxins present in the gastrointestinal tract. When ingested, activated charcoal has a large surface area that allows it to bind to various substances, including many types of drugs and poisons. This binding can help prevent the absorption of these harmful substances into the bloodstream, thereby reducing their toxic effects on the body.

Using activated charcoal is particularly useful in acute poisoning situations where the substance ingested can be effectively adsorbed by the charcoal. It's important to note that while activated charcoal is helpful in many poisoning scenarios, it doesn't act as a neutralizing agent nor does it induce vomiting, which can sometimes be harmful. Additionally, it does not provide any nutrients, as its primary function is to bind to toxic substances rather than serve any nutritional purpose.